Adjectives

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Adjectifs

One of the eight parts of speech, adjectives are a type of modifier; that is, they modify or describe nouns in a certain way, letting you know the size, shape, weight, color, nationality, or any of a myriad other possible qualities of nouns.

Adjectives serve the same purpose in French and English, but they are very different in other respects.

Characteristics of French Adjectives

1. Modify nouns
2. Must agree in gender and number with nouns
3. Usually follow nouns
4. May be modified by adverbs

Gender and Number of French Adjectives

English adjectives have a single form, but French adjectives can have up to 4* forms, according to the gender and number of the nouns they modify:

masculine singular		masculine plural
feminine singular		feminine plural

If you’ve already studied the noun lesson, some of these rules will look familiar.

1) Masculine singular is the default form, to which the feminine and/or plural endings are added. For regular adjectives,** these endings are -e for feminine and -s for plural.

Par exemple…

petit (small)

le petit verre		les petits verres
la petite tasse		les petites tasses

2) When the masculine adjective ends in -s or -x, the masculine singular and plural forms are the same.

surpris (surprised)

Il est surpris.		Ils sont surpris.
Elle est surprise.		Elles sont surprises.

3) When the default form of the adjective ends in -a, -e, or -o, the masculine and feminine forms are the same.

calme (calm)

un homme calme		des hommes calmes
une femme calme		des femmes calmes

 See the links to irregular feminine and plural forms at the end of this lesson.

* There are a few adjectives that have 5 forms.

** All regular and most irregular present participles and past participles follow these rules when used as adjectives.

Quiz: Adjective agreement

 French nouns and adjectives

• Introduction to adjectives
• Irregular feminine forms
• Irregular plurals
• Irregular adjectives (beau, fou, mou, nouveau, vieux)
• Adjective position
• Adjectives with prepositions
• Adjectives functioning as adverbs
• Invariable adjectives
• Movable adjectives
• Non-adjectives
• Types of adjectives
• PwLF super list of adjective lessons
• Impersonal expressions: Il est / C’est + adjective
• Determiners
• Parts of speech
   

 French lesson plans

• Beach Time: Color Adjectives (Worksheet, 4th-1th grade)
• Describing Family (Lesson, 1st-6th grade)
• La Graphologie (Lesson, 9th-12th grade)
   

 En español

• Adjetivos
   

 In italiano

• Aggettivi
   

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