Periphrastic Tenses

French periphrastic tensesThe name might be scary but the grammar is easy: a periphrastic tense is a verbal construction consisting of a specific semi-auxiliary verb plus an infinitive. These verbal phrases offer additional nuance to the normal range of verb tenses.

   

Pluperfect Subjunctive

French pluperfect subjunctiveThe rarest French verb form is the pluperfect subjunctive. It's a literary tense, meaning that it's reserved for formal, written French - mainly literature, but also history and journalism.

   

Present Participle / Gerund

French present participleThe French present participle, which always ends in -ant, may be used as a verb, gerund, noun, or adjective. Structurally, French present participles are equivalent to "verb + ing" in English, but grammatically there are many differences between them.

   

Present Tense

French present tenseThe French present tense, also known as the present indicative, is fairly similar to the English simple present, but there are some key differences.

   

Pronominal Verbs

French pronominal verbsThe grammatical term "pronominal" means "relating to a pronoun." You know that conjugated verbs (almost) always need a subject pronoun, but pronominal verbs need a reflexive pronoun as well.

   

Reciprocal Verbs

French reciprocal verbsReciprocal verbs use a reflexive pronoun to indicate that the action of the verb is exchanged between two or more subjects acting upon each other.

   

Reflexive to Passive

French reflexive passiveReflexive verbs indicate that their subjects are performing some action on themselves, but what about when the subject doesn't matter so much as the action itself? You can convert the sentence into the passive voice, but in doing so, you have to lose the reflexive.

   

Reflexive Verbs

French reflexive verbsFor reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun indicates that the subject of the verb is performing the action on him/her/itself, rather than on someone or something else. The majority of reflexive verbs have to do with one's body, clothing, or relationships.

   

Semi-Auxiliary Verbs

French semi-auxiliary verbsSemi-auxiliary verbs are used with infinitives to influence their meaning, tense, mood, or aspect. Some French semi-auxiliaries are equivalent to English modal verbs, and most of the top 10 French verbs can or must be used as semi-auxiliaries.

   

   

   

Subjunctive

French subjunctiveThe French subjunctive is a special verb form, called a "mood," that is used in dependent clauses to indicate some sort of subjectivity, uncertainty, or unreality in the mind of the speaker.

   

   

The Subjunctivisor!

The Subjunctivisor!The Subjunctivisor is an interactive tool that will advise you on whether to use the subjunctive or indicative with more than 275 French verbs, expressions, and conjunctions.

   

Third-Person Imperative

French subjunctive as imperativeRather than the imperative mood, third-person orders (indirect commands, wishes, concessions, suppositions, exclamations) are given with que + subjunctive, with no preceding main clause. These are generally equivalent to "let" or "may" in English.