Conjugaisons de la voix passive
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Like compound tenses and moods, the passive voice has two components:
verb | conjugation | |
1. | être | depends on tense/mood |
2. | main verb | past participle |
To turn the active voice into the passive voice, the verb être is conjugated into whatever tense or mood was used in the active voice, and the main verb—the one originally conjugated into that tense or mood—turns into a past participle.
The addition of être means that there is always one more verb in the passive voice than in the active voice.
- Simple verb forms, which have a single verb in the active voice, have two verbs in the passive.
- Compound verb forms, which have two verbs in the active voice, have three verbs in the passive.
Par exemple…
Here is the verb voir (to see) in the active and passive voices:
- Present tense (simple conjugation) – I see vs I am seen.
- Passé composé (compound conjugation) – I saw vs I was seen.
Present tense (simple) | Passé composé (compound) | |||
Active | Passive | Active | Passive | |
je vois | je suis vu(e) | j’ai vu | j’ai été vu(e) | |
tu vois | tu es vu(e) | tu as vu | tu as été vu(e) | |
il voit | il est vu | il a vu | il a été vu | |
elle voit | elle est vue | elle a vu | elle a été vue | |
nous voyons | nous sommes vu(e)s | nous avons vu | nous avons été vu(e)s | |
vous voyez | vous êtes vu(e)(s) | vous avez vu | vous avez été vu(e)(s) | |
ils voient | ils sont vus | ils ont vu | ils ont été vus | |
elles voient | elles sont vues | elles ont vu | elles ont été vues |
Note that, as with être verbs in the compound tenses, the past participle of the main verb must agree with the subject in the passive voice.
Par exemple…
Elle est vue à la télé le lundi. | She’s seen on TV on Mondays. | |
Ces traitements sont vus comme invasifs. | These treatments are seen as (considered) invasive. |
All verb tenses and moods can be used in the passive voice; it’s just a matter of conjugating être into that tense or mood.
Active voice | Passive voice | |||
present | Charles lave le chien. Charles is washing the dog. |
Le chien est lavé par Charles. The dog is being washed by Charles. |
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imperfect | Charles lavait le film. Charles was washing the dog. |
Le chien était lavé par Charles. The dog was being washed by Charles. |
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conditional | Charles laverait le chien. Charles would wash the dog. |
Le chien serait lavé par Charles. The dog would be washed by Charles. |
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subjunctive | Je veux que Charles lave le chien. I want Charles to wash the dog. |
Je veux que le chien soit lavé par Charles. I want the dog to be washed by Charles. |
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future perfect | Charles aura lavé le chien. Charles will have washed the dog. |
Le chien aura été lavé par Charles. The dog will have been washed by Charles. |
More examples
For dual-verb constructions, in which a semi-auxiliary verb precedes an infinitive, the semi-auxiliary stays the same, être remains in the infinitive, and the main verb, as always, becomes a past participle.
Par exemple…
Charles peut laver le chien. | Le chien peut être lavé par Charles. | |
Charles can wash the dog. | The dog can be washed by Charles. |
Related lessons
- Using the passive voice
- Past participles
- Tenses and moods
- Simple vs compound tenses and moods
- Introduction to verbs
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