Conjugaisons du participe passé
Regular French verbs, stem-changing verbs, and a few irregular verbs conjugate the past participle by dropping the infinitive ending to find the stem, then adding the past participle ending for that type of verb:
Par exemple…
| -er verbs | stem-changing verbs | -ir verbs | -re verbs | |
| donner (to give) | appeler (to call) | choisir (to choose) | perdre (to lose) | |
| stem | donn- | appel- | chois- | perd- |
| ending | -é | -é | -i | -u |
| past participle | donné | appelé | choisi | perdu |
Most irregular verbs have irregular past participles:
| verb | past participle | |
| acquérir | acquis | |
| apprendre | appris | |
| atteindre | atteint | |
| avoir | eu | |
| boire | bu | |
| comprendre | compris | |
| conduire | conduit | |
| connaître | connu | |
| construire | construit | |
| courir | couru | |
| couvrir | couvert | |
| craindre | craint | |
| croire | cru | |
| décevoir | déçu | |
| découvrir | découvert | |
| devoir | dû | |
| dire | dit | |
| écrire | écrit | |
| être | été | |
| faire | fait | |
| instruire | instruit | |
| joindre | joint | |
| lire | lu | |
| mettre | mis | |
| mourir | mort | |
| naître | né | |
| offrir | offert | |
| ouvrir | ouvert | |
| paraître | paru | |
| peindre | peint | |
| pouvoir | pu | |
| prendre | pris | |
| produire | produit | |
| recevoir | reçu | |
| savoir | su | |
| souffrir | souffert | |
| suivre | suivi | |
| tenir | tenu | |
| venir | venu | |
| vivre | vécu | |
| voir | vu | |
| vouloir | voulu |
The French past participle always needs to agree in gender and number with the word it modifies when it is used in the passive voice or as an adjective. In compound tenses, it may need to agree – learn more.
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