Imparfait
They say practice makes perfect, so how can one of the most common French past tenses be imperfect? In grammatical terms, "perfect" means "complete," so the imperfect tense is used to describe an incomplete or ongoing action or state of being.
The imparfait is usually equivalent to "was" or "was ___-ing" in English (past progressive) and is used for all of the following:
| Il pleuvait mais j’avais un parapluie. |
|
It was raining but I had an umbrella. |
| Quand j’avais 6 ans, j’étais souvent malade et je craignais les chiens. |
|
When I was 6 years old, I was often sick and I was afraid of dogs. |
2) Habitual actions or states of being
| L’année dernière, nous allions au ciné chaque vendredi. |
|
Last year, we went (we would go) to the movies every Friday. |
| Je m’ennuyais souvent. |
|
I was often bored. |
3) Actions or states of being with unspecified endings
| J’allais au parc parce que je voulais me promener. |
|
I was going to the park because I wanted to take a walk. |
4) Background information
| J’étais au bureau quand j’ai appris la nouvelle. |
|
I was at the office when I heard the news. |
5) Most verbs followed by the infinitive
| a) |
Aller |
| |
J’allais te téléphoner. |
|
I was going to call you. |
| b) |
Être en train de |
| |
J’étais en train de rénover le garage. |
|
I was (in the process of) renovating the garage. |
| c) |
Venir de |
| |
Je venais de rentrer quand tu as appelé. |
|
I had just gotten home when you called. |
| d) |
Vouloir (polite request) |
| |
Je voulais vous poser une question. |
|
I wanted / I would like to ask you a question. |
Imperfect after si
The imperfect is often used with si, in which case it’s not a past tense. Instead, it expresses something that is unknown or unreal in the present or future.
| 1. |
Questions |
| |
Elle m’a demandé si j’étais marié. |
She asked if I was married.* |
| 2. |
Suggestions |
| |
Si on allait au ciné demain ? |
How about going to the movies tomorrow? |
| 3. |
Wishes |
| |
Si seulement je gagnais au loto ! |
If only I won the lottery! |
| 4. |
Comme si |
|
| |
Tu parles comme si tu pouvais prédire l’avenir. |
You speak as though you can see the future. |
| 5. |
Si clauses |
| |
Si tu avais un emploi, tu pourrais acheter une voiture. |
If you had a job, you could buy a car. |
*I know this sounds like it’s in the past, but at the time, it wasn’t. She wanted to know if I was married in the present tense of her asking.
The imperfect is often used alongside the
passé composé, which can be very confusing for French students –
learn more.
Related lessons
French lesson plan
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El imperfecto
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