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Adverbes exclamatifs
An exclamative adverb is a word or phrase used in front of a clause to express a strong emotion like surprise or awe.
Characteristics of Exclamative Adverbs
- Invariable
- Placed in front of clauses
There are three French exclamative adverbs as well as two informal replacements:
- combien (de)
- comme
- que (de)
informal - ce que
- qu’est-ce que
Using French Exclamative Adverbs
Combien
The exclamative adverb combien can be followed by a noun, adverb, or clause.
1) Combien de + noun + clause = so much / so many
The clause after the noun must either begin with que or be inverted.
| Combien d’idées que vous avez ! Combien d’idées avez-vous ! |
You have so many ideas! | |
| Combien de café qu’il a bu ! Combien de café a-t-il bu ! |
He drank so much coffee! |
2) Combien + adverb of quantity or comparative adverb + clause = how much / how many, so much / so many
Again, the clause after the noun must either begin with que or include inversion.
| Combien plus de gens qu’il y a ici ! Combien plus de gens y a-t-il ici ! |
How many more people are here! There are so many more people here! | |
| Combien peu de temps que tu y passes ! Combien peu de temps y passes-tu ! |
How little time you spend there! You spend so little time there! |
3) Combien + clause or inverted clause
| Combien tu as grandi ! Combien as-tu grandi ! |
You’ve grown so much! | |
| Combien on en a mangé ! Combien en a-t-on mangé ! |
We ate so many (of them)! |
Que and Comme
As exclamative adverbs, que and comme mean "how" or "so" and can be used with
1) Verbs
| Qu’il fait beau ! Comme il fait beau ! |
It’s so beautiful out! | |
| Ta fille, qu’elle est mignonne ! Comme elle est mignonne ! |
Your daughter is so cute! |
Que plus the subjunctive creates an indirect command.
Informally, ce que and qu’est-ce que can replace que and comme:
| Ce qu’il fait beau ! Qu’est-ce qu’il fait beau ! |
It’s so beautiful out! | |
| Ta fille, ce qu’elle est mignonne ! Qu’est-ce qu’elle est mignonne ! |
Your daughter is so cute! |
2) Nouns
a) Que de + noun
| Que de monde ! | There are so many people! | |
| Ouf, ce project, que de soucis ! | Ugh, this project, nothing but trouble! |
b) Comme il y a de + noun
| Comme il y a du monde ! | There are so many people! | |
| Comme il y a des soucis ! | Nothing but trouble! |
c) Informal substitution: qu’est-ce qu’il y a comme
| Qu’est-ce qu’il y a comme monde ! | There are so many people! | |
| Qu’est-ce qu’il y a comme soucis ! | Nothing but trouble! |
In the negative, this final construction can be tricky to understand.
| Qu’est-ce qu’il n’a pas fait comme bêtises ! |
He did a bunch of stupid stuff! | |
| Qu’est-ce que tu n’as pas eu comme soucis ! |
You had so much trouble! |
Related lessons
En español
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