French Preposition
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The preposition en can be summarized as "to or in," but it’s a bit more complicated than that.
1) Location or destination |
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| Il habite en Provence. | He lives in Provence. | ||
| Nous allons en France. | We’re going to France. | ||
2) Point in or period of time |
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| La réunion aura lieu en été. | The meeting will take place in the summer. | ||
| Je l’ai fait en cinq minutes. | I did it in five minutes. | ||
3) Description |
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| en cercle | in a circle | ||
| une pièce en 5 actes | a five-act play | ||
4) Composition |
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| chemise en coton | cotton shirt | ||
| chaise en plastique | plastic chair | ||
5) Clothing |
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| J’ai vu un homme en chapeau noir. | I saw a man in a black hat. | ||
| Il faut être en cravate. | You have to wear a tie. | ||
6) Transformation |
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| Il faut le couper en deux. | You need to cut it in two. | ||
| Elle sera transformée en parfum. | It will be turned into perfume. | ||
7) Means of transportation |
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| Je vais à la plage en taxi. | I’m going to the beach in a taxi. | ||
| Il préfère voyager en train. | He prefers traveling by train. | ||
8) Analogy |
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| Il a agi en tyran. | He acted like a tyrant. | ||
| Je te le donne en cadeau. | I’m giving it to you as a gift. | ||
9) Gerund |
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| Il l’a dit en pleurant. | He said it while crying. | ||
| En partant, elle est tombée. | While leaving, she fell. | ||
10) After verbs |
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| Many verbs must be followed by en in front of a noun. | |||
En is usually followed directly by a noun, with no article in between. Learn more: Prepositions with nouns.
Note: En is also an adverbial pronoun.
Related lessons
- Verbs with en
- Gerunds
- Geographical prepositions
- Temporal prepositions
- Introduction to prepositions
- All about en
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