Cedilla: ç

French cedilla çThe little hook added under the letter c in French is a diacritical mark known as a cedilla, une cédille: ç. The letter c with the hook is called c cédille.

   

Circumflex: â, ê, î, ô, û

French circumflexThe circumflex, aka "little hat," is the only French accent that may be found on any of the five vowels. In any given word, the circumflex may serve one or more purposes.

   

   

Consonants for Beginners

Pronunciation of French consonantsMore than half of French consonants are very similar to their English counterparts, but a few are completely different. Here's a quick overview to help you get started learning French.

   

Contractions

French contractionsContractions occur when two words are combined into one, sometimes with a distinctly different spelling. In English, contractions like "won't" are optional and indicate informality. In French, however, contractions are required, regardless of the register you're speaking or writing in.

   

Contractions à fond

French contractionsA contraction is a combination of two words into a shorter form, and there are two different ways to do this in French. This issue of Lawless French à fond takes an in-depth look at the different types of contractions and other ways to shorten words.

   

   

D

French pronunciationThe letter D is pronounced similarly to D in English, except that it is dental rather than alveolar.

Dieresis: ë, ï, ü

French dieresisThe dieresis, le tréma, is a French accent found only on three vowels: ë, ï, and ü. The dieresis usually indicates that the accented vowel must be pronounced distinctly from the vowel that precedes it.

   

E

French pronunciationThe letter e has several different pronunciations in French. The explanation and equivalents provided here are based on the closest sounds that exist in American English, which are sometimes not very close at all.

E instable

French silent eIn many words the letter e is potentially silent, a characteristic which has three French names: e caduc, e instable, and e muet. Though e muet is the most common term, e instable is the most accurate.