Required Liaisons

Liaisons obligatoires

French required liaisons
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Liaisons between syntactically related words, such as an article and its noun, or a subject pronoun and its verb, are required. Of course, there are always exceptions, but here are the main types of required liaisons.

1. Nominal group

a) Article + noun  or  adjective

  IPA  
un homme [œ̃ nɔm] [uh(n) nuhm]
les amis [le za mi] [lay zah mee]
les anciens élèves [le zã sjɛ̃ ze lɛv] [lay za(n) syeh(n) zay lehv]

b) Number + noun  or  adjective

  IPA  
deux enfants [dœ zã fã] [deu za(n) fa(n)]
six honnêtes familles [si zɔ nɛt fa mij] [see zoh neht fah mee]

c) Adjective + noun  or  adjective

  IPA  
les anciens élèves [le zã sjɛ̃ ze lɛv] [lay za(n) syeh(n) zay lehv]
mes élèves [me ze lɛv] [may zay lev]
petit ami [pə ti ta mi] [peu tee tah mee]

2. Verbal group

a) Pronoun + pronoun

  IPA  
Nous en avons [nu zã na vɔ̃] [noo za(n) nah vo(n)]
Vous y habitez [vu zi a bi te] [voo zee ah bee tay]

b) Pronoun + verb  or  verb + pronoun

  IPA  
Nous en avons [nu zã na vɔ̃] [noo za(n) nah vo(n)]
Vous avez [vu za ve] [voo zah vay]
Ont-ils [ɔ̃ til] [o(n) teel]

3. Single-syllable adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions*

  IPA  
bien étrange [bjɛ̃ ne tʁãʒ] [byeh nay tra(n)zh]
chez elle [ʃe zɛl] [shay zehl]
quand on décidera [kã tɔ̃ de si dʁa] [ka(n) to(n) day see deh rah]
tout entier [tu tã tje] [too ta(n) tyay]
très utile [tʁɛ zy til] [treh zu teel]

4. Fixed expressions

  IPA  
avant hier [a vã tjɛʁ] [ah va(n) tyer]
c’est-à-dire [se ta diʁ] [say tah deer]
comment allez-vous ? [kɔ mɑ̃ ta le vu] [kuh ma(n) tah lay voo]
plus ou moins [ply zu mwɛ̃] [plu zoo mweh(n)]
Quand est-ce que [kã tɛ skə] [ka(n) teh skeu]

 Notes

* See exceptions in optional liaisons.

 Related lessons

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French liaisons

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