Liaisons obligatoires
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Liaisons between syntactically related words, such as an article and its noun, or a subject pronoun and its verb, are required. Of course, there are always exceptions, but here are the main types of required liaisons.
1. Nominal group
| a) | Article + noun or adjective | |
| les amis | [lay zah mee] | |
| les anciens élèves | [lay za(n) syeh(n) zay lehv] | |
| b) | Number + noun or adjective | |
| un homme | [uh(n) nuhm] | |
| deux enfants | [deu za(n) fa(n)] | |
| c) | Adjective + noun or adjective | |
| les anciens élèves | [lay za(n) syeh(n) zay lehv] | |
| mes élèves | [may zay lev] | |
| petit ami | [peu tee tah mee] | |
2. Verbal group
| a) | Pronoun + pronoun | |
| Nous en avons | [noo za(n) nah vo(n)] | |
| b) | Pronoun + verb or adjective | |
| Nous en avons | [noo za(n) nah vo(n)] | |
| Ont-ils | [o(n) teel] | |
| Vous avez | [voo zah vay] | |
3. Single-syllable adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions*
| bien étrange | [byeh nay tra(n)zh] |
| chez elle | [shay zehl] |
| quand on décidera | [ka(n) to(n) day see deh rah] |
| tout entier | [too ta(n) tyay] |
| très utile | [treh zu teel] |
4. Quand + est-ce que **
| Quand est-ce que | [ka(n) teh skeu] |
5. Fixed expressions
Par exemple…
| avant hier | [ah va(n) tyer] |
| c’est-à-dire | [say tah deer] |
| comment allez-vous ? | [ko ma(n) tah lay voo] |
| plus ou moins | [plu zoo mwa(n)] |
Notes
* See exceptions in optional liaisons.
** Also see forbidden liaisons.
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