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Le préfixe ci–
The French prefix ci– can be added to various parts of speech to indicate the location or inclusion of something mentioned in a document.
Ci– is most often added to adverbs or prepositions.
Par exemple…
| ci-après | after this | |
| ci-contre | across from this, facing this | |
| ci-derrière | behind (this) | |
| ci-dessous | below (this) | |
| ci-dessus | above (this) | |
| ci-devant | in front (of this) |
Ci- can also be placed in front of an adjective (past participle):
| ci-annexé | attached here / to this | |
| ci-attaché | attached here / to this | |
| ci-gît | here lies (on a tombstone) | |
| ci-inclus | enclosed (with this) | |
| ci-joint | attached (to this) | |
| ci-mentionné | mentioned here |
Agreement with ci-
When ci- is attached to an adverb or preposition, there is no agreement.
| Veuillez trouver la photo ci-dessous. | Please find the photo below. | |
| Voyez les détails ci-contre. | See details on facing page |
Things get more complicated when ci- is attached to a past participle.
1) If ci-participle precedes the noun, the phrase serves as an adverb and there is no agreement:
| Vous trouverez ci-inclus la photo. | You’ll find the photo enclosed. | |
| Voyez ci-joint les détails. | See the details attached. |
2) When ci-participle follows the noun it modifies, the phrase is being used as an adjective and thus there is agreement:
| Veuillez trouver la photo ci-incluse. | Please find the enclosed photo. | |
| Les détails ci-joints sont secrets. | The attached details are classified. |
Related lessons
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